UrbanisationAccessibility to Cities
Travel time to the nearest city (>50,000 pop) in minutes. Low = urban/accessible, high = remote. 2015 snapshot.
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Urbanisation
Risks
WaterAlgal Bloom Intensity (MCI)
Maximum Chlorophyll Index - detects and quantifies intense algal blooms
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WaterAlgal Bloom Intensity (MCI) Annual Range
Annual mean of algal bloom intensity over the selected period
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Microclimate
BiodiversityBiodiversity Intactness
Proportion of original biodiversity remaining (BII). Values near 1 indicate pristine ecosystems.
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Urbanisation
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Land useLand use
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Land useLand Cover Classification
CLC computation prerequisite for biodiversity maps (MSA, PA, NS, NP, FA)
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Urbanisation
Urbanisation
Urbanisation
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Biodiversity
Microclimate
Land useAgricultural Land Use Systems
Harmonised Europe-wide map of agricultural land use systems (ESDAC/JRC), derived by integrating the Copernicus High Resolution Layers on grassland and cropland (2017-2021). Classifies EEA38 agricultural land into level-2 classes: permanent grassland, permanent crops, arable systems, ley cropping systems, land use change, inconsistencies and data gaps. 10 m resolution. Source: ESDAC/JRC, European Commission (Fahl et al. 2026).
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity
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RisksWildfire Risk
Structural wildfire susceptibility (0-1) computed as weighted overlay of vegetation type (ESA WorldCover), summer NDVI (Sentinel-2), aridity index, and summer LST (Landsat 8/9). Mediterranean Italy AHP approach.
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Water
Water
Water
RisksFlood Hazard
ISPRA national mosaic (2020) of hydraulic (flood) hazard zones for the 3 scenarios of Legislative Decree 49/2010 (Floods Directive 2007/60/EC): P1 low, P2 medium, P3 high probability. Source: IdroGEO platform (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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Land useFlow Accumulation
Hydrological flow accumulation map: for each pixel, shows how many upstream pixels drain to that point. High values indicate runoff concentration (rivers, channels). Derived from the MERIT Hydro DEM at 90m.
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Land useFlow Direction
D8 flow direction map: for each pixel, indicates which of the 8 adjacent pixels water flows to following the steepest descent. Derived from the MERIT Hydro DEM at 90m.
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BiodiversityForest Height Change
Change in forest canopy height at 30m resolution. Shows tree growth (gain) and height loss (logging, storms).
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Full detailsBiodiversityForest Height Change (2000-2024)
Change in forest canopy height at 30m resolution. Shows tree growth (gain) and height loss (logging, storms). 2000-2024 extended variant, derived from Hansen GFC v1.12 and ETH Global Canopy Height 2020 (approximation of the GLCLUC 7-class scheme).
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SocioeconomicGDP Per Capita
National GDP per capita gridded at ~10km (2015). World Bank PPP estimates. Useful for socioeconomic context of biodiversity sites.
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Full detailsGeological Map of Spain
Geological Map of Spain — IGME-CSIC OneGeology 1:1M geological vector data (CC-BY 4.0). 16,041 lithostratigraphic units covering the Iberian peninsula, Balearic and Canary Islands.
Full detailsGeological Map of Greece
Geological Map of Greece (EAGME 500K) — 91 lithological-stratigraphic units from the Hellenic Survey of Geology and Mineral Exploration
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RisksGeological Map of Italy
Geological Map of Italy — INSPIRE-harmonised 1:100K geological vector data published by ISPRA Servizio Geologico d'Italia (CC-BY 4.0). 8,934 dissolved lithostratigraphic units covering mainland, Sicily and Sardinia.
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SocioeconomicGridded GDP
Gridded total GDP per capita at ~10km resolution (2015). Derived from national accounts and sub-national GDP estimates. Values in millions USD PPP.
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Land useHuman Footprint
Cumulative human pressure on ecosystems (0–1 scale). Combines infrastructure, land use, population density, and night lights.
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Land useHydro Elevation
Hydrologically conditioned digital elevation model (MERIT Hydro). Artificial depressions are filled and SRTM errors corrected to ensure continuous water flow. Resolution 90m.
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Land use
Urbanisation
RisksLandslide Hazard (PAI)
ISPRA national mosaic (2020-2021) of landslide hazard zones from the Hydrogeological Setting Plans (PAI), harmonised into 5 classes: attention areas AA and hazard from moderate P1 to very high P4. Source: IdroGEO platform (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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RisksLight pollution range delta
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
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RisksLST range delta between years
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity
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Land use
BiodiversityBiodiversity
BiodiversityNDMI range delta between years
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity
BiodiversityNDVI range delta between years
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
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BiodiversityBiodiversity
BiodiversityNDWI range delta between years
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
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RisksNoise Pollution
Noise pollution exposure index (0-1) computed as weighted overlay of distance to major roads (OSM), railways (OSM), airports (OSM), urban built-up density (GHSL), and industrial/commercial land (OSM). Global proxy approach, compatible with EU END directive.
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Biodiversity
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Urbanisation
WaterPlastic Input in Rivers
Mismanaged plastic waste flowing from rivers into oceans (kg/year)
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Air qualityPM2.5 Air Quality
Annual mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at ~10km. WHO guideline: <5 μg/m³. Values >25 indicate unhealthy air.
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Biodiversity
Base layers
Water
WaterSecchi Disk Depth Annual Range
Annual mean of water transparency over the selected period
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Urbanisation
CarbonSoil Organic Carbon
Soil organic carbon content in the topsoil layer (0–30cm depth). Higher values indicate richer, healthier soils with greater carbon sequestration potential.
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Land useSoil Erosion (2020)
Classification of soil loss by water erosion (RUSLE, 2020 data)
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RisksSoil Erosion Risk (RUSLE)
Estimated soil loss in tonnes per hectare per year (t/ha/yr) computed using the RUSLE equation (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation). Combines rainfall erosivity (CHIRPS), soil erodibility (OpenLandMap), slope length and steepness (SRTM + MERIT Hydro), and vegetation cover (Sentinel-2 NDVI). Resolution 30m.
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Biodiversity
Land useStream Network
Stream network map derived from MERIT Hydro. Shows rivers and channels identified by thresholding upstream drainage area (>1 km2). Color indicates basin size: thin channels (light blue) to major rivers (dark blue).
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Land useSurface Runoff Risk
Composite surface runoff risk index (0-1) combining flow accumulation (MERIT Hydro), impervious surfaces (Copernicus 30m) and inverted terrain slope (NASA SRTM 30m). High values mark flat impervious areas where rainwater concentrates and cannot infiltrate.
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WaterSurface Water Transition
Changes in surface water over time (permanent, seasonal, lost, new)
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Land useTerrain Slope
Terrain slope map in degrees (0-90), derived from the SRTM digital elevation model at 30m resolution. Useful for soil stability analysis, landslide risk, agricultural planning, and water runoff assessment.
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Biodiversity
BiodiversityTree Cover Loss
Pixel-level deforestation history (2001–2023). Each pixel records the year tree cover was lost.
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WaterTurbidity (NDTI)
Normalized Difference Turbidity Index - measures water turbidity at 10m resolution
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Water
Water
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Water
BiodiversityWetlands & Waterbodies
Global wetland extent from GLWD-3 (11 classes): lakes, reservoirs, rivers, marshes, swamp forests, coastal wetlands, bogs.
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